The Mycenaean Civilization.

The Mycenaean Civilization developed around 1900 BC, during the "Bronze Age," in the southern area of Ancient Greece. During this time, Mycenae was known as an area that contributed to the growth and development of surrounding city-states, such as the more famous Athens, Pylos, Thebes, and Tiryns.

This era was known as the Bronze Age because the development of many metal weapons rapidly flourished. A sense of protection for the homeland increased, and most likely lead to, the formation of strong city-states. This theme of the homeland can be seen in Homer's Odyssey, an epic poem that was traditionally read orally, until eventually recorded and passed on through written text. One example of the love that the people of Mycenae have for their home can be compared to Odysseus' desire to return home. In the poem, a character named Calypso states:

"So then,
royal son of Laertes, Odysseus, man of exploits,
still eager to leave at once and hurry back
to your own home, your beloved native land?"

Mycenae was divided into two parts of land. The palace land and the communal land. The palace land housed the many rulers and attendants who conducted administrative duties at the palace. In the communal land resided those who were obliged to perform duties and pay taxes. These people consisted of craftsman, farmers, merchants, etc.

Although one could distinguish between social classes at this time, there was hardly any differentiation between religious classes. No priest class has been identified to date, however, those who were worshiped (rulers, Greek Gods, etc.) were identified from those who were worshiping (farmers, peasants, slaves, etc.) by certain gestures made at religious events.

Myths of Greek Gods and other various creatures or characters who were worshiped and/or feared developed at this time and were passed on by word of mouth. Many of these myths can be found in homer's Iliad, and again in Odyssey. Both epic poems were originally spoken by mouth and passed on by people to people until they were recorded as written text.

Odysseus escaping a Cyclops.

Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Viking, 1996.